BREAST DENSITY AS AN INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BREAST CANCER IN OUR POPULATION A STUDY CARRIED OUT AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARACHI

Rabeea Khan, Rida zainab, Faiza Hassan, Bisma Tahir, Sadaf Nasir, Asad Jaffery

Abstract


ABSTRACTBackground: According on the proportion of fibroglandular tissue to fatty tissue, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) divides breast density into 4 groups and offers radiologists standardized communication tools.Objective: To determine the association of breast density with development of breast cancer in local Asian population.Material and Methods: Total 108 female patients were included in the cross-sectional study. A full-field digital mammography equipment was used for the mammograms. For bilateral breasts, four mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal images were acquired. The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) was used to guide the interpretation of mammogram. The categories were recorded as follows: 1) Almost entirely fat (≤25% fibroglandular tissue); 2) Scattered fibroglandular (26%-50%); 3) Heterogeneously dense (51%-75%); and 4) Extremely dense (>75%). Stratification was done and post stratification Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The categories of BI-RADS were found as 16(14.8%) had category A, 48(44.4%) had category B, 38(35.2%) had category C and 6(5.6%) had category D. The breast cancer was noted in 5(31.3%) cases of category A, 24(50%) of cases of category B, 30(78.9%) of cases of category C and 5(83.3%) cases of category D, the breast cancer was significantly associated with the categories of BI-RADS (p=0.002).Conclusion: There is a significant association between the risk of breast cancer in our population with mammographic breast tissue density categorized by BI-RADSKey Words: Breast Density, Breast Cancer, Breast Imaging Reporting AndData System     

Full Text:

PDF

References


REFERENCES

Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW. Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Scient Rep. 2020;10:503-13.

Ferlay J. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:359–86.

Yip CH. Breast cancer in Asia. Methods Mol Biol. 2009;471:51–64.

Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast, C. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant metaanalysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:1141-51.

Boyd NF. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:227-36.

Hamajima N. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer–collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer. 2002;87:1234-45

Lo CH, Chai XY, Ting SSW. Density of breast: An independent risk factor for developing breast cancer, a prospective study at two premium breast centers. Cancer Med. 2020;9:3244-3251.

Mann RM, Athanasiou A, Baltzer PAT, Herrero JC, Clauser P, Fallenberg EM. Breast cancer screening in women with extremely dense breasts recommendations of the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI). Eur Radiol. 2022;32:4036-45.

Boyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(3):227-36

Ali EA, Raafat M. Relationship of mammographic densities to breast cancer risk. Egyp J Radiol Nucl Med. 2021;52:129-33.

Mackenzie SF, Christoph IL, Joann GE. Breast cancer screening an evidence-based update. Med Clin N Am. 2015;99(3):451-68.

Mokhtary A, Karakatsanis A, Valachis A. Mammographic Density Changes over Time and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers. 2021;13:4805-15.

McCormack VA, dos Santos Silva I. Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2006;15:1159–69.

Burton A, Maskarinec G, Perez-Gomez B, Vachon C, Miao H, Lajous M, et al. Mammographic density and ageing: A collaborative pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries worldwide. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002335.

Lam PB, Vacek PM, Geller BM, Muss HB. The association of increased weight, body mass index, and tissue density with the risk of breast carcinoma in Vermont. Cancer. 2000;89:369–75.

Rutter CM, Mandelson MT, Laya MB, Seger DJ, Taplin S. Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy. JAMA. 2001;285:171–76.

Knight JA, Martin LJ, Greenberg CV, Lockwood GA, Byng JW, Yaffe MJ, ET AL. Macronutrient intake and change in mammographic density at menopause: Results from a randomized trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 1999;8:123–28.

Brisson J, Verreault R, Morrison AS, Tennina S, Meyer F. Diet, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;130:14–24.

Vachon CM, Kuni CC, Anderson K, Anderson VE, Sellers TA. Association of mammographically defined percent breast density with epidemiologic risk factors for breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:653–62.

Sung H, Ren J, Li J, Pfeiffer RM, Wang Y, Guida JL. Breast cancer risk factors and mammographic density among high-risk women in urban China. npj Breast Cancer. 2018;4:3-14.

KöşüşN KA, Duran M, Simavlı S, Turhan N. Comparison of standard mammography with digital mammography and digital infrared thermal imaging for breast cancer screening. Assoc. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2010;11(3):152–7

Tamimi RM, Byrne C, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE. Endogenous hormone levels, mammographic density, and subsequent risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(15):1178–87

Advani SM, Zhu W, Demb J, Sprague BL, Onega T, Henderson LM, et al. Association of breast density with breast cancer risk among women aged 65 years or older by age group and body mass index. JAMA Network Open. 2021;4(8):e2122810.

Pushkin J. Women’s imaging: breast density 2019 - are you ready? Radiology Today. 2019;20(6):26.

Kerlikowske K, Ma L, Scott CG. Combining quantitative and qualitative breast density measures to assess breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(1):97.

Braithwaite D, Mandelblatt JS, Kerlikowske K. To screen or not to screen older women for breast cancer: a conundrum. Future Oncol. 2013;9(6):763-766.

Braithwaite D, Demb J, Henderson LM. Optimal breast cancer screening strategies for older women: current perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:111-125

Vacek PM, Geller BM. A prospective study of breast cancer risk using routine mammographic breast density measurements. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(5):715–22

Ahmadinjad N, Movahedinia N, Shahriari M. Iranian Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(12):e16698

Boyd NF, Go H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(3):227–236.

Byrne C, Schairer C, Wolfe J, Parekh N, Salane M, Brinton LA, et al. Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(21):1622–29

Tice JA, Miglioretti DL, Li CS, Vachon CM, Gard CC, Kerlikowske K. Breast density and benign breast disease: risk assessment to identify women at high risk of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(28):3137-3143

Tice JA, Cummings SR, Ziv E, Kerlikowske K. Mammographic breast density and the Gail model for breast cancer risk prediction in a screening population. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;94(2):115-122.

Tice JA, Bissell MCS, Miglioretti DL. Validation of the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium model of breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;175(2):519-523.

Wanders JOP, Holland K, Karssemeijer N. The effect of volumetric breast density on the risk of screendetected and interval breast cancers: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(1):67.

Lam PB, Vacek PM, Geller BM, Muss HB. The association of increased weight, body mass index, and tissue density with the risk of breast carcinoma in Vermont. Cancer. 2000;89(2):369-375

Vacek PM, Geller BM. A prospective study of breast cancer risk using routine mammographic breast density measurements. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13(5):715-722.

Maskarinec G, Pagano I, Lurie G, Wilkens LR, Kolonel LN. Mammoraphic density and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemol. 2005;162(8):743–52.

Kim EY, Chang Y, Ahn J, Yun JS, Park YL, Park CH, et al. Mammographic breast density, its changes, and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Cancer. 2020 Nov 1;126(21):4687-96.

Pettersson A, Graff RE, Ursin G. Mammographic density phenotypes and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:dju078.

Bae JM, Kim EH. Breast density and risk of breast cancer in Asian women: a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49:367-375.

Shawky MS, Huo CW, Henderson MA, Redfern A, Britt K, Thompson EW. A review of the influence of mammographic density on breast cancer clinical and pathological phenotype. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;177:251-276.

Azam S, Eriksson M, Sjolander A. Mammographic density change and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020;112:391-399.

Maskarinec G, Pagano I, Lurie G, Kolonel LN. A longitudinal investigation of mammographic density: the multiethnic cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:732-739.

Vachon CM, Pankratz VS, Scott CG, et al. Longitudinal trends in mammographic percent density and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16:921-928.

Burton A, Maskarinec G, Perez-Gomez B. Mammographic density and ageing: a collaborative pooled analysis of cross-sectional data from 22 countries worldwide. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002335.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


© Copyright PJR 2008-